CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF EUCHEUMA COTTONII ON MCF-7 HUMAN BREAST CANCER
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Abstract
Studies of seaweeds are essential as these marine macro algae are the only source that produces agar, alginate and carrageenan. Eucheuma cottonii belongs to the genus Eucheuma, in the division of Rhodophyta. It is one of the important genera of carrageenophytes. It was reported to possess anticancer effects for the prevention and management of cancers. This study investigates the cytotoxic effect of crude extracts from E. cottonii on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro. E. cottonii collected from Sabah was used for preparation of crude extracts using absolute methanol. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined using MTT assay whereas cell apoptosis was detected using GeneTex Enhanced Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit. Result of MTT assay shows that the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells was suppressed by the crude extracts of E. cottonii in a dose-dependent manner of IC50 at 3.5mg/mL (24h) and 0.85mg/mL (48h). The presence of fragmented DNA of cells treated with the crude extract indicated cytotoxic effect is through apoptosis. In conclusion, E. cottonii extract that exerts cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cancer cell line is dose dependent and via apoptosis induction. It can be a potential source of anticancer drugs from nature. ABSTRAK Kajian rumpai laut adalah penting sebab makro alga laut ini adalah satu-satunya sumber yang menghasilkan agar, alginat dan carrageenan. Eucheuma cottonii yang tergolong dalam genus Eucheuma adalah di bahagian Rhodophyta dan ia adalah salah satu genus penting carrageenophytes. Ia dilaporkan mempunyai kesan anti kanser. Oleh itu, ia boleh digunakan untuk pencegahan dan pengurusan kanser. Kajian ini menyiasat kesan sitotoksik ekstrak mentah E. cottonii terhadap sel kanser payudara manusia (MCF-7) secara in vitro. E. cottonii yang dikumpul dari Sabah digunakan untuk penyediaan ekstrak mentah dengan menggunakan metanol pekat. Kesan sitotoksik ekstrak ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan ujian MTT, manakala apoptosis sel dikesan menggunakan GeneTex Enhanced Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit. Keputusan yang diperoleh dalam ujian MTT menunjukkan bahawa pertumbuhan sel-sel kanser MCF-7 itu telah dihalang oleh ekstrak mentah E. cottonii dengan cara yang bergantung kepada dos, dengan nilai kepekatan perencatan 50% pertumbuhan (IC50) di 3.5mg/mL (24 jam) dan 0.85mg/mL (48 jam). Kewujudan fragmen DNA daripada sel-sel yang dirawati dengan ekstrak mentah E. cottonii menunjukkan bahawa sitotoksik adalah melalui apoptosis. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak E. cottonii mengenakan sitotoksik pada sel kanser payudara manusia (MCF-7) adalah bergantung kepada dos dan melalui induksi apoptosis. Ia boleh menjadi satu sumber ubat anti kanser yang berpotensi dari alam semulajadi.
Keywords: surface bacteria, mobile phones, different form factors, Staphylococcus aureus
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