ENDO AND ECTO PARASITE PREVALENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN SOME FISH SPECIES FROM AKOMOJE, OGUN RIVER SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
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Published:
Oct 31, 2020
Keywords:
Endoparasites Ectoparasites Ogun River Dominance Abundance Oreochromis niloticus Hemichromis fasciatus Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus
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Abstract
Parasites are the second most abundant microorganisms that infect and cause disease in wild and cultured fish after bacteria. The study investigated the parasite prevalence, abundance, mean intensity and dominance in some fresh water fish from Akomoje, Ogun River, Nigeria from February to May, 2016. Eight fish species were collected and identified to the species level. Experimental fish were measured and weighed. Endo- and ecto-parasites were examined for from Skin/scale, dorsal and caudal fins, gills, intestine and stomach of fish. Water sample was collected from shore, mid and extreme of the landing site and also analysed for parasite abundance. Prevalence percentage of parasite in all fish species varied slightly with size. Myxozoan group revealed the highest dominance of ecto- and endo-parasites in virtually all fish species while mean intensity and abundance of Myxozoan spp was highest in Oreochromis niloticus and Hemichromis fasciatus. Highest case of a single species of ecto- and endo-parasite in a fish sample was that of Nematode larva in Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (41.43 %) and Trichocerca sp (Rotifera) in Mormyrus rume (52.9 %).Water analysis revealed three parasite groups that were present in the sampled fish. Conclusively, Akomoje landing site of Ogun River has a rich burden of parasites.
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Oghenochuko, O. M., Ezeri, O. G. N., Takeet, I. M., Adeosun, F. I., Disu, I., & Ogbia, C. F. (2020). ENDO AND ECTO PARASITE PREVALENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN SOME FISH SPECIES FROM AKOMOJE, OGUN RIVER SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA. Malaysian Journal of Science, 39(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.1
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Goselle, O.N.,Shir, G.I., Udeh, E.O.,Abelau, M. & Imandeh, G.N. (2008). Helminth parasites of Clariasgariepinus and Tilapia zilli at Lamingo dam, Jos, Nigeria. Science world Journal, 3(4): 23-28. ISSN 1597-6343.
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Oke, M.O., Martins, O. & Idowu, O. A. (2012). Monitoring of Groundwater Recharge for Flood Management. Hydrology for Disaster Management Special Publication of the Nigerian Association of Hydrological Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277240833._Monitoring_of_Groundwater_Recharge_for_Flood_Management/figures?lo=1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic. 18/01/2020.
Okoye, I.C., Abu, S.J., Obiezue, N.N.R. & Ofoezie, I.E. (2014). Prevalence and seasonality of parasites of fish in Agulu Lake, Southeast, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(3): 502- 508. DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.13384
Omeji, S., Solomon, S.G. & Obande, R.A. (2010). A Comparative Study of the Common Protozoan Parasites of Heterobranchuslongifilis from the Wild and Cultured Environments in Benue State. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9 (9): 865-872. ISSN 1680-5194.
Paperna, I. (1980). Parasite, infection and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CFA Technical Paper No. 31. Rome, FAO. FAO
Paperna, I. (1996). Parasites infection and disease of fishes in Africa. CIFA Technical Paper No. 31 Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. FAO.
Roberts, R.J. (1995). Parasitology of Teleosts. In: Fish Pathology. 2nd Edn. London, UK: Wiley Publishers.
Roberts, R.J. (2001). Parasitology of Teleosts. In: Fish Pathology. (3rd ed. Robert R.J (Ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Tavares-Dias, M. & Martins, M. L. (2017). An overall estimation of losses caused by diseases in the Brazilian fish farms. J. Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ Indian Soc. Parasitology, 41(4): 913-918.
Tossavi, N.D., Gbankoto, A.,Adité, A., Ibikounlé, M..,Grunau, C. & Sakiti, G.N. (2014). Metazoan parasite communities of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluridae) in Benin (West Africa). Parasitology Research, 113(11): 3973-3983. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4063-x.
Ugbor, O.N.,Odo, G.E.,Nwani, C.D., Ochang, S.N.,Somdare, P.O. & Agbakwuo, C.A.(2014). Parasitic fauna of two dominant Clariid (Siluriformes) catfishes in a tropical freshwater ecosystem, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries, 11 (1 & 2): 745-755.
Uruku, M.N. & Adikwu, I.A. (2017). Seasonal prevalence of Clariids fishes from the Lower Benue River, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture.,5(2): 11-19. ISSN 2350-1537.
Zarlenga, D.S.,Hoberg, E.P., Rosenthal, B., Mattiucci, S. & Nascetti, G. (2014). Anthropogenics: Human Influence on Global and Genetic Homogenization of Parasite Populations. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 809. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/809.
Adeogun, O.A., Oladosu, G.A., Akinwale, M.M.A., Okunade, O.A., Akintayo, I.A., Idika, N., Adeiga, A.A., Ezeugwu, S.M.C., Afocha, E.E., Peters, O.S., & Odusanya, A.F. (2014). Identification, Distribution and Prevalence of Ecto-parasites Associated with Cultured Fish in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 9(5): 413-418. DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2014.413.418.
Anderson, R.C. (1992). Nematodia parasites of verterbrates, their development and transmission. 650 p. Willingford: C.A.B international.
Ani, O.C., Nnamonu, E.I. & Ejiogu, C. (2017). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites of FishFarmed and Harvested in Abakiliki, Nigeria: A Pointer to the Level of their Vulnerability. Internationl Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences, 4(9): 7-10. ISSN 2394 - 5885 (Print) & ISSN 2394-5893 (Online).
Bichi, A. H. & Ibrahim, A.A. (2009). A survey of ecto and intestinal parasites of tilapia zilli (Gervias) in Tiga Lake, Kano, Northern Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2(1): 79-82.
Bichi, A.H. & Bizi, A.G. (2002): Survey of ecto and endo parasites of fishes of Challawa George Dam. NISEB Journal, 2(3): 219-222.
Bichi, A.H. & Dawaki, S.S. (2010). A survey of ecto parasites on the gills skin and fins of Oreochromis niloticus at Bagauda fish farm, Kano Nigeria.Bayero J. Pure Appl Sci., 3(1): 83– 86.
Biu, A.A., Diyaware, M.Y.,Yakaka, W. & Joseph, E. (2014). Survey of Parasites Infesting the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) from Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2(2): 6 – 12. ISSN 2350-1537.
Ejere, V. C., Aguzie, O. I., Ivoke, N., Eke, F. N., Ezenwaji, N. E.,Onoja, U. S., Eyo, J. E. & Onoja, U. S. (2014). Parasitofauna of five freshwater fishes in a Nigerian freshwater ecosystem. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 72(1): 17 – 24. DOI: 10.14798/72.1.682.
Ekanem, A.P., Eyo, V.O. & Sampson, A.F. (2011). Parasite of landed fish from great Kwa River, Calaber, Cross river State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(12): 225-230. DOI:105897/IJFA11.072. ISSN 2006-98.
Ezenwaji, N.E., Aguigwo, J.N.I., Philip, C.O. & Ezenwaji, H.M.G. (2005). Helminthendo - parasites of mochokids in a tropical rainforest river system Animal Research International, 2(2): 346 – 352.
Goselle, O.N.,Shir, G.I., Udeh, E.O.,Abelau, M. & Imandeh, G.N. (2008). Helminth parasites of Clariasgariepinus and Tilapia zilli at Lamingo dam, Jos, Nigeria. Science world Journal, 3(4): 23-28. ISSN 1597-6343.
Idodo-Umeh, G. (2003). Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological notes, Diet and Utilization). 232p. Benin City, Edo State: Idodo-Umeh publishers Limited.
Karvonen, A. & Valtonen, E.T. (2004). Helminth assemblages of Whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus) in interconnected Lakes: Similarity as a function of species specific parasites and geographical separation. Journal of Parasitology, 90(3), 471-476.
Lafferty, K.D. & Kuris, A.M. (2005). Parasitism and Environmental disturbances.In: Parasitism and Ecosystems. Thomas F., Renaud, F and Guegan, Jean-Francois (Eds.). 113 – 123pp. UK: Oxford University Press.. Retrieved 17 Mar., 2019, from http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof.oso/9780198529873.001.0001/acprof-9780198529873-chapter-8.
Mohanty, B. P. (2015). Nutritional Value of fish. In: Conspectus of Inland Fisheries Management. A.K. Das and D. Panda (Eds.).ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700-120, W.B. ICAR.15-21pp.
Oke, M.O., Martins, O. & Idowu, O. A. (2012). Monitoring of Groundwater Recharge for Flood Management. Hydrology for Disaster Management Special Publication of the Nigerian Association of Hydrological Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277240833._Monitoring_of_Groundwater_Recharge_for_Flood_Management/figures?lo=1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic. 18/01/2020.
Okoye, I.C., Abu, S.J., Obiezue, N.N.R. & Ofoezie, I.E. (2014). Prevalence and seasonality of parasites of fish in Agulu Lake, Southeast, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(3): 502- 508. DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.13384
Omeji, S., Solomon, S.G. & Obande, R.A. (2010). A Comparative Study of the Common Protozoan Parasites of Heterobranchuslongifilis from the Wild and Cultured Environments in Benue State. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9 (9): 865-872. ISSN 1680-5194.
Paperna, I. (1980). Parasite, infection and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CFA Technical Paper No. 31. Rome, FAO. FAO
Paperna, I. (1996). Parasites infection and disease of fishes in Africa. CIFA Technical Paper No. 31 Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. FAO.
Roberts, R.J. (1995). Parasitology of Teleosts. In: Fish Pathology. 2nd Edn. London, UK: Wiley Publishers.
Roberts, R.J. (2001). Parasitology of Teleosts. In: Fish Pathology. (3rd ed. Robert R.J (Ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Tavares-Dias, M. & Martins, M. L. (2017). An overall estimation of losses caused by diseases in the Brazilian fish farms. J. Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ Indian Soc. Parasitology, 41(4): 913-918.
Tossavi, N.D., Gbankoto, A.,Adité, A., Ibikounlé, M..,Grunau, C. & Sakiti, G.N. (2014). Metazoan parasite communities of catfishes (Teleostei: Siluridae) in Benin (West Africa). Parasitology Research, 113(11): 3973-3983. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4063-x.
Ugbor, O.N.,Odo, G.E.,Nwani, C.D., Ochang, S.N.,Somdare, P.O. & Agbakwuo, C.A.(2014). Parasitic fauna of two dominant Clariid (Siluriformes) catfishes in a tropical freshwater ecosystem, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries, 11 (1 & 2): 745-755.
Uruku, M.N. & Adikwu, I.A. (2017). Seasonal prevalence of Clariids fishes from the Lower Benue River, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture.,5(2): 11-19. ISSN 2350-1537.
Zarlenga, D.S.,Hoberg, E.P., Rosenthal, B., Mattiucci, S. & Nascetti, G. (2014). Anthropogenics: Human Influence on Global and Genetic Homogenization of Parasite Populations. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 809. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/809.